1. Uphawu lwe-hepatojugular reflux
Uma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yangakwesokudla kubangela ukuminyana kwesibindi nokuvuvukala, isibindi singacindezelwa ngezandla ukuze imithambo ye-jugular ivuleke kakhulu. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ventricle yangakwesokudla kanye nokuminyana kwesibindi.
2. Uphawu lukaCullen
Eyaziwa nangokuthi uphawu lukaCoulomb, i-ecchymosis ensomi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni esizungeze umbilicus noma udonga olungezansi lwesisu luwuphawu lokopha okukhulu ngaphakathi kwesisu, okuvame kakhulu ekuphumeni kwegazi okungemuva kwesisu, i-acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, i-ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, njll.
3. Uphawu lwe-Grey-Turner
Uma isiguli sithola i-pancreatitis ebukhali, ijusi le-pancreatic ligcwala esikhaleni sezicubu ezingaphansi kwesinqe kanye nohlangothi, kuncibilike amafutha angaphansi kwesinqe, bese ama-capillary eqhuma futhi ophe igazi, okuholela e-ecchymosis eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni kulezi zindawo, okubizwa ngokuthi uphawu lwe-Grey-Turner.
4. Uphawu lwe-Courvoisier
Uma umdlavuza wekhanda le-pancreas ucindezela i-common bile duct, noma umdlavuza wezingxenye eziphakathi nezingezansi ze-bile duct ubangela ukuvaleka, kuvela i-jaundice esobala. I-gallbladder evuvukele ene-cystic, engathambile, enobuso obubushelelezi futhi engasuswa iyazwakala, ebizwa ngokuthi uphawu lwe-Courvoisier, olwaziwa nangokuthi ukuvaleka okuqhubekayo kwe-common bile duct.
5. Uphawu lokucasuka kwe-peritoneal
Ukuba khona kobuhlungu ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqina kokubuyela emuva kanye nokuqina kwemisipha yesisu esiswini kubizwa ngokuthi uphawu lokucasuka kwe-peritoneal, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-peritonitis triad. Luwuphawu olujwayelekile lwe-peritonitis, ikakhulukazi indawo yesilonda esiyinhloko. Indlela yokuqina kwemisipha yesisu incike embangela kanye nesimo sesiguli. Isimo esijwayelekile siyahlukahluka, futhi ukwanda kokuvuvukala kwesisu kuwuphawu olubalulekile lwesimo esibi kakhulu.
6. Uphawu lukaMurphy
Isibonakaliso esihle se-Murphy singenye yezimpawu ezibalulekile ekuxilongweni kwe-cholecystitis ebukhali. Lapho kushaywa indawo yenyongo ngaphansi komphetho ofanele, kwathintwa inyongo evuvukile futhi isiguli sacelwa ukuba siphefumule ngokujulile. Inyongo evuvukile nevuvukile yehla. Isiguli sazizwa ubuhlungu bukhula futhi sabamba umoya waso ngokuzumayo.
7. Uphawu lukaMcburney
Ubuhlungu kanye nokuvuvukala okuphindaphindekayo endaweni kaMcBurney esiswini esingezansi kwesokudla (indawo ehlangana kuyo umbilicus kanye nengxenye ephakathi nengaphandle yomgogodla we-iliac ongaphambili kwesokudla) kuvamile kwi-appendicitis ebukhali.
8. U-triad kaCharcot
I-acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis ivame ukuveza ubuhlungu besisu, ukubanda, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye ne-jaundice, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Chaco's triad.
1) Ubuhlungu besisu: Buvela ngaphansi kwenqubo ye-xiphoid kanye nasengxenyeni ephezulu yesokudla, ngokuvamile i-colic, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-paroxysmal noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo kanye nokwanda kwe-paroxysms, okungasakazeka ehlombe lesokudla nasemhlane, okuhambisana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza. Kuvame ukubangelwa ngemva kokudla ukudla okunamafutha.
2) Ukubanda nomkhuhlane: Ngemva kokuvaleka kwe-bile duct, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-bile duct iyanda, okuvame ukuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesibili. Amabhaktheriya kanye nobuthi kungabuyela egazini nge-capillary bile ducts kanye ne-hepatic sinusoids, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwesibindi se-biliary, i-sepsis, i-septic shock, i-DIC, njll., ngokuvamile kubonakala njengomkhuhlane okhula kancane, kanye nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu okufika ku-39 kuya ku-40°C.
3) I-Jaundice: Ngemva kokuba amatshe evale umgudu we-bile, iziguli zingase zibe nomchamo ophuzi omnyama kanye nokudaya okuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye ne-sclera, kanti ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nokulunywa kwesikhumba.
9. Izimpawu ezinhlanu zikaReynolds (Renault)
Ukuboshwa ngamatshe akunciphi, ukuvuvukala kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu, futhi isiguli siba nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nokushaqeka okusekelwe ku-Charcot's triad, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Raynaud's pentalogy.
10. Uphawu lukaKehr
Igazi elisemgodini wesisu livuselela i-diaphragm yesobunxele, okubangela ubuhlungu ehlombe lesobunxele, okuyinto evamile ekuqhekekeni kwe-splenic.
11. Uphawu lwe-Obturator (ukuhlolwa kwe-obturator internus muscle)
Isiguli sasisesimweni sokulala phansi, isinqe nethanga langakwesokudla kugobile bese kujikeleziswa ngaphakathi, okubangela ubuhlungu besisu esingezansi kwesokudla, obubonakala ku-appendicitis (i-appendix iseduze nemisipha ye-obturator internus).
12. Uphawu lukaRovsing (ukuhlolwa kokwehla kwamandla ekholoni)
Isiguli silele phansi, isandla saso sokudla sicindezela isisu esingezansi kwesobunxele kanti isandla saso sesobunxele sicindezela ikholoni eseduze, okubangela ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi kwesokudla, okubonakala ku-appendicitis.
13. Uphawu lokucasuka kwe-barium ye-X-ray
I-Barium ikhombisa izimpawu zokucasuka engxenyeni yamathumbu enesifo, ngokukhipha ngokushesha kanye nokugcwala okubi, kuyilapho ukugcwalisa kuhle engxenyeni ephezulu nengezansi yamathumbu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi uphawu lokucasuka kwe-barium lwe-X-ray, oluvame kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sofuba samathumbu esibangela umdlavuza.
14. Uphawu oluphindwe kabili lwesibani/uphawu oluqondiwe
Esigabeni esisebenzayo sesifo sikaCrohn, i-CT enterography (CTE) ethuthukisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi udonga lwamathumbu lujiyile kakhulu, i-mucosa yamathumbu ithuthukisiwe kakhulu, ingxenye yodonga lwamathumbu ihlukaniswe, kanti indandatho yangaphakathi ye-mucosal kanye nendandatho yangaphandle ye-serosa kuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, okubonisa uphawu oluphindwe kabili lwe-halo. noma uphawu oluqondiwe.
15. Uphawu lwekamu lokhuni
Esigabeni esisebenzayo sesifo sikaCrohn, i-CT enterography (CTE) ikhombisa ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi ye-mesenteric, okwandisa ngokufanayo ukuminyana kwamafutha e-mesenteric kanye nokufiphala, kanye nokukhula kwe-lymph node ye-mesenteric, okubonisa "uphawu lwekamu lokhuni".
16. I-azotemia ye-Enterogenic
Ngemva kokopha okukhulu endaweni ephezulu yokugaya ukudla, imikhiqizo yokugaya yamaprotheni egazi iyamuncwa emathunjini, futhi ukugcwala kwe-urea nitrogen egazini kunganda okwesikhashana, okubizwa ngokuthi i-enterogenic azotemia.
17. Isifo sikaMallory-Weiss
Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwezokwelapha kwalesi sifo ukwanda okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu ngenxa yesicanucanu esinzima, ukuhlanza nezinye izizathu, okubangela ukudabuka kwesikhathi eside kwe-mucosa kanye ne-submucosa ye-distal cardiac cardiac kanye ne-esophagus, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukopha kwesisu okuphezulu. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yi-acute hematemesis, eyandulelwa ukububula okuphindaphindiwe noma ukuhlanza, ebizwa nangokuthi i-esophageal and cardia mucosal tear syndrome.
18. I-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (i-gastrinoma, i-Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
Luhlobo lwesimila se-gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine esibonakala ngezilonda eziningi, izindawo ezingavamile, ukuthambekela ezinkingeni zezilonda, kanye nokusabela okubi emithini ejwayelekile yokulwa nezilonda. Uhudo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ephezulu esiswini, kanye namazinga aphezulu e-gastrin egazini angase abe phezulu.
Ama-Gastrinoma ngokuvamile mancane, futhi cishe angu-80% atholakala ngaphakathi konxantathu "we-gastrinoma" (okungukuthi, ukuhlangana kwe-gallbladder kanye ne-common bile duct, ingxenye yesibili neyesithathu ye-duodenum, kanye nentamo nomzimba we-pancreas). Ngaphakathi konxantathu owakhiwe yi-junction), ama-gastrinoma angaphezu kuka-50% ayingozi, futhi ezinye iziguli ziye zasakazeka lapho zitholakala.
19. Isifo sokulahla inkunkuma
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwesisu okungaphansi kwe-subtotal, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wokulawula we-pylorus, okuqukethwe esiswini kukhishwa ngokushesha kakhulu, okuholela ochungechungeni lwezimpawu zomtholampilo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-dumping syndrome, okuvame kakhulu kwi-PII anastomosis. Ngokwesikhathi lapho izimpawu zivela ngemva kokudla, ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesikhathi.
●Isifo sokulahlwa kwendle kwasekuqaleni: Izimpawu ze-hypovolemia yesikhashana njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka okubandayo, ukukhathala, kanye nebala elikhanyayo zivela ngemva kwesigamu sehora ngemva kokudla. Kuhambisana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nesifo sohudo.
●Isifo sokulahla ukudla sekwephuzile: senzeka emahoreni ama-2 kuya kwangama-4 ngemva kokudla. Izimpawu eziyinhloko isiyezi, ibala elikhanyayo, ukujuluka okubandayo, ukukhathala, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Indlela yokusebenza ukuthi ngemva kokudla kungene emathunjini, kuvuselela inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwe-insulin, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-hypoglycemia. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-hypoglycemia syndrome.
20. I-Absorptive dystrophy syndrome
Kuyisifo somtholampilo lapho izakhamzimba zintula khona ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamathumbu amancane ekugayeni nasekumunceni izakhamzimba, okubangela ukuthi izakhamzimba zingakwazi ukumuncwa ngendlela evamile futhi zikhishwe endle. Ngokwezokwelapha, kuvame ukubonakala njengesifo sohudo, ukuncipha, ukuqina, ukukhuluphala kanye nezinye izimpawu zokumuncwa kwamafutha, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi i-steatorrhea.
21. I-PJ syndrome (i-pigmented polyposis syndrome, i-PJS)
Kuyisifo esingavamile se-autosomal dominant tumor esibonakala ngokushintsha kwesikhumba kanye ne-mucosal pigmentation, ama-polyps amaningi e-hamartomat emgodini wesisu, kanye nokuthambekela kwesimila.
I-PJS yenzeka kusukela ebuntwaneni. Njengoba iziguli zikhula, ama-polyp e-gastrointestinal ayanda kancane kancane futhi akhule, okubangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, njengokungena ngaphakathi, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ukopha kwamathumbu, umdlavuza, ukungondleki kahle, kanye nokukhubazeka kokukhula ezinganeni.
22. Isifo se-abdominal compartment syndrome
Ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu somuntu ojwayelekile iseduze nengcindezi yomoya, engu-5 kuya ku-7 mmHg.
Ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu ≥12 mmHg iyi-hypertension yangaphakathi kwesisu, kanti ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu ≥20 mmHg ehambisana nokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba okuhlobene ne-hypertension yangaphakathi kwesisu yi-abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Izimpawu zomtholampilo: Isiguli sinokuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula okunzima, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Ukuvuvukala kwesisu kanye nokucindezeleka okuphezulu kungahambisana nobuhlungu besisu, imisindo yamathumbu ibuthakathaka noma inyamalale, njll. I-Hypercapnia (PaCO?>50 mmHg) kanye ne-oliguria (ukuphuma komchamo ngehora <0.5 mL/kg) kungenzeka esigabeni sokuqala se-ACS. I-Anuria, i-azotemia, ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kanye nesifo sokukhishwa kwenhliziyo okuphansi kwenzeka esigabeni esilandelayo.
23. I-Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-benign duodenal stasis kanye ne-duodenal stasis, uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezibangelwa indawo engavamile yomthambo we-mesenteric ophakeme ocindezela ingxenye evundlile ye-duodenum, okuholela ekuvinjweni kwengxenye noma okuphelele kwe-duodenum.
Kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abadala abane-asthenic. Ukuqunjelwa, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza kuvamile. Isici esivelele salesi sifo ukuthi izimpawu zihlobene nesimo somzimba. Uma kusetshenziswa isimo sokulala phansi, izimpawu zokucindezela ziyanda, kanti lapho isimo sokuthambekela, isikhundla sedolo nesifuba, noma isikhundla sohlangothi lwesobunxele, izimpawu zingadamba.
24. I-Blind loop syndrome
Isifo sohudo, i-anemia, ukungamuncwa kahle kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okubangelwa ukuqina kokuqukethwe kwamathumbu amancane kanye nokukhula ngokweqile kwamagciwane ku-lumen yamathumbu. Sibonakala kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwezihibe ezingaboni noma izikhwama ezingaboni (okungukuthi izihibe zamathumbu) ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwesisu kanye ne-gastrointestinal anastomosis. Futhi sibangelwa ukuqina kwesisu.
25. Isifo samathumbu amafushane
Kusho ukuthi ngemva kokususwa kwamathumbu amancane noma ukukhishwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, indawo yokumunca ephumelelayo yamathumbu iyancipha kakhulu, futhi amathumbu asele asebenzayo awakwazi ukugcina umsoco wesiguli noma izidingo zokukhula kwengane, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-acid-base/water/electrolyte, kanye nezifo ezilawulwa ukuphazamiseka kokumunca kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene.
26. Isifo sesibindi
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zemitholampilo yi-oliguria, i-anuria kanye ne-azotemia.
Izinso zesiguli zazingenazo izilonda ezinkulu. Ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophezulu we-portal kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi okuguquguqukayo, ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile kwehle kakhulu, futhi izinto ezahlukahlukene ezibangela ukuvaleka kwegazi njenge-prostaglandins, i-nitric oxide, i-glucagon, i-atrial natriuretic peptide, i-endotoxin, kanye nama-peptide ahlobene nezakhi zofuzo ze-Calcium azikwazi ukungasebenzi yisibindi, okubangela ukuthi umbhede wemithambo yegazi ojwayelekile ukhule; inani elikhulu loketshezi lwe-peritoneal lingabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwesisu, okunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinso, ikakhulukazi i-renal cortex hypoperfusion, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
Ama-80% eziguli ezinesifo esikhula ngokushesha ziyafa zingakapheli amasonto amabili. Uhlobo olukhula kancane kancane luvame kakhulu emtholampilo, luvame ukuba nokukhishwa kwesisu okungapheli kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso okuhamba kancane.
27. Isifo se-Hepatopulmonary
Ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kwesibindi, ngemva kokukhipha izifo eziyinhloko zenhliziyo namaphaphu, kuvela ukuphelelwa umoya kanye nezimpawu ze-hypoxia njenge-cyanosis kanye nokugoba kweminwe (izinzwane), okuhlobene nokwanda kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu kanye nokungasebenzi kahle komoya-mpilo egazini, kanti isibikezelo asisihle.
28. Isifo seMirizzi
Ukulimala kwentamo yenyongo noma itshe le-cystic duct, noma kuhlanganiswe nokuvuvukala kwenyongo, ingcindezi
Kwenzeka ngokuphoqa noma ngokuthinta umsele ovamile wesibindi, okubangela ukwanda kwezicubu ezizungezile, ukuvuvukala noma ukucinana komsele ovamile wesibindi, futhi kubonakala ngokwezokwelapha njengochungechunge lwezifo zemitholampilo ezibonakala nge-jaundice evimbayo, i-biliary colic noma i-cholangitis.
Isisekelo sokwakheka kwayo ukuthi i-cystic duct kanye ne-common hepatic duct zinde kakhulu ndawonye noma indawo yokuhlangana kwe-cystic duct kanye ne-common hepatic duct iphansi kakhulu.
29. Isifo sikaBudd-Chiari
I-Budd-Chiari syndrome, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Budd-Chiari syndrome, ibhekisela eqenjini lomfutho wegazi ophakeme we-portal noma i-portal kanye ne-inferior vena cava hypertension ebangelwa ukuvaleka komthambo wesibindi noma i-inferior vena cava ngaphezu kokuvulwa kwawo.
30. Isifo sikaCaroli
Ukwanda kwe-cystic ye-congenital ye-ducts ye-bile intrahepatic. Indlela yokusebenza ayicaci. Kungase kufane ne-choledochal cyst. Ukwanda kwe-cholangiocarcinoma kukhulu kunokwabantu abaningi. Izimpawu zokuqala zemitholampilo ubuhlungu be-hepatomegaly kanye nesisu, ikakhulukazi njenge-biliary colic, okuyinkimbinkimbi yisifo se-bacterial bile duct. Umkhuhlane kanye ne-jaundice eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala, kanti izinga le-jaundice ngokuvamile lincane.
31. Isifo se-Puborectal
Kuyisifo sokuphuma kwendle esibangelwa ukuvaleka komsele wokuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yokuqina noma ukuqina kwemisipha ye-puborectalis.
32. Isifo se-pelvic floor syndrome
Kubhekisela eqenjini lezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha ezakhiweni zephansi le-pelvic okuhlanganisa i-rectum, imisipha ye-levator ani, kanye ne-sphincter yangaphandle yendunu. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zemitholampilo ubunzima bokugoba noma ukungagobi, kanye nokucindezeleka kanye nobuhlungu bephansi le-pelvic. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle ngezinye izikhathi kufaka phakathi ubunzima bokugoba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukungagobi indle. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuba buhlungu kakhulu.
Thina, iJiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd., singumkhiqizi eShayina ogxile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ze-endoscopic, njengei-biopsy forceps, i-hemoclip, ugibe lwe-polyp,inaliti ye-sclerotherapy, i-catheter yokufafaza, amabhulashi e-cytology, ucingo lokuqondisa,ubhasikidi wokuthola amatshe, i-catheter yokukhipha amanzi ekhaleninjll. ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-I-EMR,I-ESD, I-ERCPImikhiqizo yethu inesitifiketi se-CE, kanti izitshalo zethu zinesitifiketi se-ISO. Izimpahla zethu zithunyelwe eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nengxenye ye-Asia, futhi zithola ukuqashelwa nokunconywa kakhulu ngamakhasimende!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-06-2024