Ngo-2017, i-World Health Organization yaphakamisa isu lokusebenzisa"ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi", okuhloswe ukukhumbuza umphakathi ukuthi unake izimpawu kusenesikhathi. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yemali yangempela yezokwelapha,lawa maqhinga amathathu abe yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Ngokusho kwe-"Global Cancer Report 2020" ekhishwe yi-WHO, kubikezelwa ukuthi inani lomdlavuza omusha emhlabeni wonke lizokhuphuka lifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-30.2 ngo-2040 kanti inani labafa lizofinyelela ezigidini ezingu-16.3.
Ngo-2020, kuzoba nezinhlobo ezintsha zomdlavuza eziyizigidi ezingu-19 emhlabeni.Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zomdlavuza ezinenani elikhulu lomdlavuza emhlabeni yilezi: umdlavuza webele (izigidi ezingu-22.61), umdlavuza wamaphaphu (izigidi ezingu-2.206), umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu (izigidi ezingu-19.31), kanye nomdlavuza wesisu obekwe endaweni yesihlanu ngezigidi ezingu-10.89,enanini lomdlavuza omusha, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu kanye nomdlavuza wesisu kwabalelwa ku-15.8% wabo bonke umdlavuza omusha.
Njengoba sonke sazi, indlela ye-Manhua ibhekisela kusukela emlonyeni kuya emnyango wothingo, okubandakanya umphimbo, isisu, amathumbu amancane, amathumbu amakhulu (i-cecum, i-appendix, i-colon, i-rectum kanye nomsele wendunu), isibindi, ama-pancreas, njll., kanye ne-colorectum emdlavuza omusha emhlabeni jikelele. Umdlavuza kanye nomdlavuza wesisu zombili ziyingxenye yomgudu wokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke umdlavuza ohlobene nendlela yokugaya ukudla nawo udinga ukunakwa futhi isu "lesithathu lokuqala" kufanele lisetshenziswe.
Ngo-2020, inani lamacala amasha omdlavuza ezweni lami nalo lafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-4.5, kanti inani lababulawa umdlavuza lalingu-3 million.Isilinganiso sabantu abayi-15,000 batholakala benomdlavuza nsuku zonke, kanti abantu abayi-10.4 batholakala benomdlavuza njalo ngomzuzu. Owesihlanu umdlavuza wamaphaphu.(okuyi-17.9% yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezintsha),umdlavuza we-colorectal (12.2%), umdlavuza wesisu (10.5%),umdlavuza webele (9.1%), kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi (9%). Phakathi komdlavuza ohlanu ohamba phambili kuphela,Umdlavuza wesisu wawungu-31.7% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezintsha.Kungabonakala ukuthi sidinga ukunaka kakhulu ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni umdlavuza womgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Okulandelayo uhlelo luka-2020 (uphenyo olukhethekile kanye nesincomo sokuvimbela isimila se-Chang Beihui sabantu) oluhilela uhlelo lokuvimbela ubuhlungu kanye nokuhlolwa komgudu wokugaya ukudla:
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal
1. Abantu abangenazo izimpawu ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1.45 ubudala;
2. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-240 abanezimpawu ze-anorectal amasonto amabili:
3. Iziguli ezine-ulcerative colitis isikhathi eside;
Abantu abangu-4.4 ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza we-colorectal;
5. Inani labantu ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-adenoma ye-colorectal;
6. Izihlobo eziseduze ezinomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-colon
7. Izihlobo eziseduze zeziguli ezitholakale zinomdlavuza we-colorectal ozuzwe njengefa ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala
1. Imihlangano Yokuhlola "Inani Labantu Abajwayelekile" 1-5:
(1) Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Coloral Eclipse kuqala lapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-45, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowesilisa noma owesifazane, igazi lendle (FOBT) litholakala kanye ngonyaka.
I-Colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kuze kube yilapho umuntu eneminyaka engu-75;
(2) Labo abaneminyaka engu-76-85, abanempilo enhle, kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yokuphila, bangaqhubeka nokugcina umhlobiso.
2 Ngokuhambisana "nophenyo lwezokwelapha lwamalungu omndeni aseduze anomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-colonectal:
(1) Isihlobo esisodwa sezinga lokuqala esine-adenoma noma ubuhlungu obucacile bezinga eliphezulu (ubudala bokuqala bungaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), 2
Izihlobo zezinga lokuqala nangaphezulu ezine-adenoma noma umdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu (noma yimuphi ubudala bokuqala), kusukela eminyakeni engama-40 (noma kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 ngaphansi kweminyaka yokuqala kwelungu lomndeni elincane kunabo bonke), ukuhlolwa kwe-FOBT kanye ngonyaka, kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5 I-Colonoscopy;
(2) Abantu abasengozini enkulu abanomlando womndeni wezihlobo zezinga lokuqala (oyedwa kuphela, futhi ubudala bokuqala bungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60):
Qala ukuhlola uneminyaka engu-40, ngokuhlolwa kwe-FOBT njalo ngonyaka kanye ne-colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. 3 Ukuhlolwa kwamalungu omndeni "omdlavuza we-colorectal ozuzwe njengefa" umhlangano 7;
Kumalungu omndeni weziguli ezine-FAP kanye ne-HNPCC, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo uma ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo esimweni sokuqala emndenini kucacile.
(1) Kulabo abanokuhlolwa kokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuhle, ngemva kweminyaka engama-20, i-colonoscopy kufanele yenziwe njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-2; (2) Kulabo abanokuhlolwa kokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungekuhle, umphakathi ojwayelekile kufanele uhlolwe. 4 Izindlela ezinconyiwe zokuhlola:
(1) Ukuhlolwa kwe-FOBT + uphenyo oluphakathi kwevolumu kuyindlela eyinhloko yophenyo lwe-Han, futhi ubufakazi banele:
(2) Ukutholwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziningi zegazi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokubala, futhi intengo ibiza kakhulu; (3) Uma izimo zivuma, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokuhlanganisa indle nezindlela zegazi.
1. Ukuzivocavoca kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwezimila, kunamathele ebuholini bezemidlalo, futhi kubhukude ukuze kugwenywe ukukhuluphala;
2. Ukudla okunempilo kobuchopho, ukwandisa ukudla i-fiber eluhlaza nezithelo ezintsha, futhi ugweme ukudla okunamafutha amaningi namaprotheni amaningi;
3 Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza engeyona eyomzimba ingase isebenze kahle ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wamathumbu. Abantu asebekhulile bangazama i-aspirin ephansi, enganciphisa ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo nezemithambo yegazi kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu. Xhumana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile.
5.Nciphisa ukubhema ukuze ugweme ubuthi bayo besikhathi eside kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvuvukala ku-Qinghua Dao.
Umdlavuza Wesisu
Noma ubani onesinye salezi zimo ezilandelayo uyinto enobungozi obukhulu;
1. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala;
2 I-gastritis engapheli emaphakathi futhi enzima;
3. Isilonda esiswini esingamahlalakhona;
4. Ama-polyp esisu;
5. Uphawu olukhulu lokugoba kwe-mucosa yesisu;
6. Isisu esisele ngemva kokuhlinzwa sezifo ezingenabungozi;
7. Isisu esisele ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu (izinyanga ezingu-6-12 ngemva kokuhlinzwa);
8. Ukutheleleka kwe-Helicobacter pylori;
9. Umlando ocacile womndeni womdlavuza wesisu noma womphimbo;
10. I-anemia eyingozi:
11. I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu ongenayo i-polyposis (HNPCC) ozuzwe njengefa.
Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala obunobuhlungu besisu, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, isilungulela kanye nezinye izimpawu zokungakhululeki epigastric, kanye ne-gastritis engapheli, i-gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia, ama-polyps esiswini, isisu esisele, uphawu olukhulu lokugoba kwesisu, isilonda sesisu esingapheli kanye ne-gastric epithelial atypia I-Hyperplasia kanye nezinye izilonda nezinto ezinomlando womndeni wezimila kufanele zihlolwe njalo nge-gastoscopy ngokusho kwezincomo zikadokotela.
1. Yakha imikhuba yokudla okunempilo kanye nesakhiwo sokudla, hhayi ukudla ngokweqile;
2. Ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwe-Helicobacter pylori;
3. Nciphisa ukudla okubandayo, okubabayo, okushisayo kakhulu, nokudla okuqinile, kanye nokudla okunosawoti omningi njengokubhemayo nokufakwe emanzini anosawoti
4. Yeka ukubhema;
5. Phuza utshwala obunamandla kancane noma ungaphuzi nhlobo;
6. Phumula futhi wehlise ukucindezeleka ngokufanele
Umdlavuza we-Esophageal
Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala futhi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izici ezilandelayo eziyingozi:
1. Ukusuka endaweni evame kakhulu umdlavuza womphimbo ezweni lakithi (indawo exinene kakhulu yomdlavuza womphimbo ezweni lakithi itholakala ezifundazweni zaseHebei, eHenan naseShanxi eningizimu yeNtaba iTaihang, ikakhulukazi eSifundeni saseCixian, eQinling, eNtabeni iDabie, enyakatho yeSichuan, eFujian, eGuangdong, enyakatho yeJiangsu, eXinjiang, njll., imibhangqwana yomhlaba neyezinto eziphilayo igxile ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu);
2. Izimpawu zesisu eziphezulu, njengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukugabha okune-asidi, ukungakhululeki ekudleni nezinye izimpawu;
3. Umlando womndeni wobuhlungu bomphimbo:
4. Uhlushwa isifo somphimbo esingaphambi komdlavuza noma izilonda ezingaphambi komdlavuza:
5. Ukuba nezici eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza womphimbo njengokubhema, ukuphuza kakhulu, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuthanda ukudla okushisayo, i-squamous cell carcinoma yekhanda nentamo noma indlela yokuphefumula;
6. Ukuhlushwa yisifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga esiswini (i-CERD);
7. Ukutheleleka kwe-Human papillomavirus (HPV).
Abantu abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza womphimbo:
1. I-endoscopy evamile, kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili;
2 I-Endoscopy enemiphumela ye-pathological ye-dysplasia encane, i-endoscopy kanye ngonyaka;
3 I-Endoscopy enemiphumela yezifo ze-dysplasia ephakathi nendawo, i-endoscopy njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha
1. Ungabhemi noma uyeke ukubhema;
2. Inani elincane lotshwala noma ukungabi nalo utshwala;
3. Yidla ukudla okunempilo, yidla izithelo nemifino emisha eminingi
4. Thuthukisa ukuzivocavoca futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo;
5. Ungadli ukudla okushisayo noma uphuze amanzi ashisayo.
Umdlavuza wesibindi
Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kanye nabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 kunoma yiliphi lamaqembu alandelayo:
1. Ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B elingamahlalakhona (HBV) noma ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis C elingamahlalakhona (HCV);
2. Labo abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesibindi;
3. Iziguli ezine-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa yi-schistosomiasis, utshwala, i-cirrhosis yesibindi eyinhloko, njll.;
4. Iziguli ezinomonakalo wesibindi obangelwe izidakamizwa;
5. Iziguli ezinezifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengefa, okuhlanganisa: i-hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin deficiency, isifo sokugcina i-glycogen, i-porphyria yesikhumba ebambezelekile, i-tyrosinemia, njll.;
6. Iziguli ezine-hepatitis yokuzivikela komzimba;
7. Iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala (i-NAFLD)
1. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kanye nabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesibindi kufanele baphenywe;
2. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kanye ne-liver B-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6
1. Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B;
2. Iziguli ezine-hepatitis engamahlalakhona kufanele zithole ukwelashwa ngamagciwane ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kulawulwe ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane le-hepatitis.
3. Yeka noma yehlisa ukuphuza utshwala;
4. Yidla ukudla okulula futhi unciphise ukudla okunamafutha amaningi
5. Gwema ukudla okukhuntile.
Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, ikakhulukazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, abananoma yiziphi izici ezilandelayo (into yesithupha ayinyusi ingozi yomdlavuza we-pancreatic, kodwa ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile akwenziwa):
1. Umlando womndeni womdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nesifo sikashukela;
2. Kunomlando wokubhema isikhathi eside, ukuphuza utshwala, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kanye nokudla okunamaphrotheni amaningi;
3. Ukugcwala kwesisu okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokwengaphezulu, ukungakhululeki, ubuhlungu besisu ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo, ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane, njll.;
4. Iziqephu eziphindaphindwayo ze-pancreatitis engapheli, ikakhulukazi i-pancreatitis engapheli enamatshe e-duct ye-pancreatic, i-main pancreatic duct-type mucinous papilloma, i-mucinous cystic adenoma, kanye ne-solid pseudopapillary tumor, ene-serum CA19-9 ephezulu;
5. Ukuqala okungazelelwe kwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle komlando womndeni;
6. I-Helicobacter pylori (HP) positive, umlando we-oral periodontitis, i-PJ syndrome, njll.
1. Abantu okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla bahlolwa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwezimpawu zesimila njenge-CA19-9, i-CA125 CEA, njll., kuhlanganiswe ne-CT yesisu kanye ne-MRI, kanti i-B-ultrasound nayo inganikeza usizo olufanayo;
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT noma i-MR kanye ngonyaka kubantu abashiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi labo abanomlando womndeni kanye nezilonda ze-pancreatic ezikhona
1. Yeka ukubhema nokulawula utshwala;
2. Khuthaza ukudla okulula, okugayeka kalula, nokudla okunamafutha amancane;
3. Yidla izinkukhu eziningi, izinhlanzi kanye nama-shrimp, futhi ukhuthaze ukudla imifino yezimbali "+", njengeklabishi eluhlaza, iklabishi, i-radish, i-broccoli, njll.;
4. Khuthaza imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca yangaphandle
5. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwezilonda ezingengozini, labo abanamatshe e-pancreatic duct, i-intraductal mucinous papilloma kanye ne-cystic adenoma noma ezinye izilonda ze-pancreatic ezingengozini kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi.
Thina, iJiangxi Zhuoruihua Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd., singumkhiqizi eShayina ogxile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ze-endoscopic, njengei-biopsy forceps, i-hemoclip, i-polyp snare, inaliti ye-sclerotherapy, i-spray catheter, amabhulashi e-cytology, ucingo oluqondisayo, ubhasikidi wokuthola amatshe, i-nasal biliary drainage catheter njll.ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-EMR, ESD, ERCP. Imikhiqizo yethu inesitifiketi se-CE, kanti izitshalo zethu zinesitifiketi se-ISO. Izimpahla zethu zithunyelwe eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nengxenye ye-Asia, futhi zithola ukuqashelwa nokunconywa kakhulu kumakhasimende!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-09-2022